April 16, 2007

Will Vuze threaten traditional TV? In 2002 American computer programmer Bram Cohen wrote a program that changed the way of downloading files. As opposed to popular "http" protocol the users don't have to retrieve data from one server. This eliminates the risk of reducing transfer rates when many users want to get the same service. After the session is set up, the next user is switched to that one who has already received the data (at list the part of the file which is currently needed). With many people downloading the file at the same time, they will also be uploading the data to other users, speeding up the download time and not overloading the original server. The new protocol has been named as BitTorrent. It became the basis for commercial and free software for downloading and sharing multiple files, mainly multimedia and films. One of the most popular BitTorrent clients is Azureus, released in 2003.
Recently came to light Vuze client, based on Azurus, and dedicated for DVD-quality and high-definition video content. The authors of the program provided digital rights management protection, and made distribution deals with 12 television, film and media companies, including BBC. So they started next commercial venture that will enable Net users to get HD video content.
After the pioneering steps of YouTube and Apple TV initiative, it is the next undertaking strengthening the position of IPTV as future technology for TV distribution. This distribution platform may, first of all, threaten profitability of DVB-T infrastructure (just starting in many countries) and cable TV networks.

Planex presented family of devices with implemented BitTorrent protocol at CeBIT.
The picture shows BRC-W14VG-BT router.

Reception of broadcasts from four satellites in SMATV systems. Apart from main Astra and HotBird directions there are other satellite positions that may be interesting for many users of satellite installations, e.g. foreigners from around the world staying at hotels or in their apartments in different countries. The problem can be solved by employing multiswitches dedicated for cooperation with four converters. There may be used e.g. two sat dishes, each with double LNB mount.  Multiswitches used in such installations are controlled by DiSEqC signals, thus the necessity of using sat receivers having this feature. We advise to use the family of professional multiswitches from Signal: 17/4 R694495, 17/6 R694496, 17/12 R694497 17/16 R694498. The signals from the multiswitches are distributed to subscriber outlets R694100, allowing reception e.g. from Astra, HotBird, Amos and Sirius.
Signal multiswitches

Example installation with 17/12 multiswitch.

Distribution of CCTV images in antenna installation. There is possibility of integrating the existing (or being built) signal installations in a house: terrestrial TV antenna system, satellite installation, CCTV system, at little cost. The signal from terrestrial antennas is combined with modulated signal from DVR, amplified, and then, in turn, combined with satellite signal.
Such system enables the residents to get FM, terrestrial TV, and CCTV signals that convey images from the installed cameras. Additionally, in one of the rooms there is available satellite signal. The employed CPD - 501 DVR allows recording images from  4 cameras and access of the video data through the Internet. The DVR features motion detection - it saves up disc space and extends recording time up to several weeks.

The images from cameras in quad mode are transmitted on one of TV channels
and available in all rooms.

Discreet surveillance of parking lots. Lighting of parking lot fences with typical lamps placed on high posts is generally expensive, due to the cost of many needed posts and their installation. It would be much more effective to install horizontally operating floodlights, but it is usually unacceptable because of the neighboring buildings, roads etc. - the light could dazzle the people in the area.  The proper solution is use of IR illuminators. The IR spectrum is not visible for human eye, so it allows discreet observation of the area and using optimal configuration of the lighting system. For illumination of long sections we advise strong IR lamp IR-150 M1650 with 100m range of operation (notice: the beam is 20-30 degrees wide). Usually we mount fixed cameras along the fence, connected to DVR with motion detection function. Separate cameras are used for monitoring of entrance(s)/exit(s) and the sentry box. It is also advised to install one high-speed PTZ camera in the center of the plot, which will be used for observation and identification of people moving in the area.

Scheme of parking lot surveillance. The blue spots indicate locations of installed cameras.

IP CCTV - large-scale monitoring. The board of Tampa Bay Baseball Club in USA decided to employ ACTi devices for video surveillance system protecting their stadium. There were chosen IP cameras, connected to LAN infrastructure (an option of using analog cameras would require building extensive network of coaxial and fiber-optics cables).

The whole installation consists of:

• 15 pcs Speed Dome CAM-6120 ACTi cameras

• 90 pcs fixed CAM-5120 ACTi (TS) cameras.

Monitoring of Tampa Bay baseball stadium using ACTi cameras.

Professional IP CCTV software from ACTi. NVR 2.0 software pack available at ACTi site is an ideal solution for professional IP CCTV systems. Its architecture is based on server-client principle, which allows to use remote terminals. This solution enables the administrator to optimize cooperation of many operators, with assignment of administration authority. The program is available for 16, 32, 48 and 64 video channels, the first option is free. It gives the installer/user the opportunity of creating professional installation employing up to 16 cameras without paying for the managing system.

Screenshot from NVR 2 .0

MJPEG/MPEG-4 video server: Pixord P1401 K2131. Pixord company has launched on the market video server supporting MPEG-4 SP video compression, available for a very competitive price. The server enables the images to be viewed and recorded within LAN, with the resolutions:
D1 (720x576 for PAL, 720x480 for NTSC), CIF (352x288 for PAL, 352x240 for NTSC) and QCIF (176x144 for PAL, 176x112 for NTSC), at 25 fps for PAL and 30 fps for NTSC.
The device has a number of additional functions, among other things: video conferencing, e-mail notification and sending data to ftp server triggered by motion detection, and time synchronization with global NTP server. Application of video server allows access to images from existing analog CCTV installation directly through LAN. MPEG-4 SP compression does not require high network capacity, ensuring good quality of video and audio. The set includes free software pack for live monitoring and recording both video and audio on  PC.

Video server MJPEG/MPEG-4 Pixord P1401 K2131

New TP-Link TL-WR543G with WISP function. This router integrated with 4-port switch and access point (AP) has been also equipped with WISP function. The feature allows sharing WiFi connection among the integrated LAN ports (the device works as client station routing wireless traffic to LAN ports). This AP enables the user to build LAN based on wireless transmission. It makes a good solution for home and business, easy to configure via www interface.

TP-Link TL-WR543G operating in Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISP) mode.

WDS mode. Wireless Distribution System is the way of providing wireless bridges. When an access point or wireless router supports WDS function, it is possible to link wirelessly several such devices: the second and each next AP gets signal from its predecessor, regenerates it, and sends it further within the range. The distribution network uses static routing, basing on MAC addresses of the connected access points. The APs working in WDS mode are transparent to Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) - they don't mask MAC addresses.
There is a limit of 6 slave access points. This mode of operation may also be used for Point to Point (with directional antennas) or  Point to Multipoint network topology. It is advised to employ the same type/family of APs to avoid possible problems with cooperation of equipment coming from different manufactures.
WDS mode tests.

Access points using WDS mode.

April 10, 2007

Widespread adoption of RFID. RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) uses 125 kHz – 134 kHz (LF- Low Frequency), 13.56 MHz (HF - High Frequency), 865 MHz - 952 MHz (the most popular - UHF), and 2.4 GHz frequency bands. This technology is used in transportation, stock management and control, for identification of people and animals.
In RFID system individual objects are equipped with identifier (called a tag) containing a unique electronic code, the interrogator (a transceiver with antenna and decoder), and managing software.
There are two kinds of tags, active and passive. The passive ones don't need any battery. When the RFID tag passes through electromagnetic zone of the interrogator (reader), it uses its energy, detects the reader's activation signal and sends the code. The reader decodes the encoded data and passes them to the host computer for processing.
In the current year there is planned start of the largest RFID program, which will outdistance the present American leadership in that technology. China government  want to introduce personal ID cards containing data encoded in RFID tags. Among other things, it will allow to perform remote control of the documents.

UHF RFID antennas (865 MHz – 952 MHz) at the stand of MTI company - Cebit 2007

DSB / VSB TV modulators. The result of amplitude modulation (AM) is coming into existence two signals, the useful one in the anticipated frequency band and the image signal that locates in the channel lying below.
The spurious signal occupies additional channel, not being needed for demodulation purposes. So each signal distributed this way takes up two channels. Having to distribute a greater number of programs and such signals, the number of available channels becomes an impassable barrier.  The solution to this problem is employing, instead of simple dual side band (DSB) modulators, more sophisticated vestigial side band (VSB) devices, e.g. MT-30A R871731 (mono), MT-30C R871733 (A2 stereo).

The spectrum of DSB - AM and VSB - AM signals

CCTV cameras in theater. The basic problem that affects CCTV cameras in theater is great variability of stage lighting, both in color and intensity, from complete darkness to bright illumination with powerful spotlights. Music Info company, that designs and installs professional audio/video equipment in theaters and concert halls, was faced with the challenge of implementing modern audiovisual system in the National Helena Modrzejewska Old Theater in Krakow.
After a series of experiments it has turned out that standard cameras are not suitable for the job, and the best choice is color day/night camera SN-587C/A/10 SWD M11205 with Pixim image sensor, mechanically switching IR filter, and versatile configuration possibilities. Automatics of the camera individually adjusts the time of exposition for each pixel alone - every pixel makes a micro-camera itself. The main task of the system consists in monitoring of the stage and wings to enable stage managers and support services (sound and lighting operators) to follow the action and react in time according to the scenario.
The camera can automatically switch into night mode, but the reaction time (7s) is not acceptable in dynamic theater environment. The problem has been solved by implementing manual control of the filter - it is controlled by the staff simultaneously with darkening the stage. Due to unique feature of remote adjustment of camera's parameters, the staff may program them according to specific lighting requirements of individual productions (the feature has been described in the March 12th issue).
Use of UTP/FTP cable allows transmission of video (employing matching transformers), control of  IR filter and configuration of the camera via RS-232 interface.
For IR illumination there are used IR lamps M1650, M1654.

Remote configuration and control of IR filter in the cameras SN-587C/A/10 SWD M11205

Video surveillance of chain stores. When the distances among the individual camera locations and between them and the monitoring center are large, IP monitoring is the best possible solution. The presented below camera IPR-200 K1120 is exceptionally well prepared for monitoring of shop entrances. The implemented MPEG-4 ASP compression allows transmission of high quality images over the Internet, they can be also effectively recorded. Integrated IR illuminator enables the camera to render quality images even in complete darkness. The camera housing has been equipped with heater and fan, and due to IP66 protection level it allows all-year-round operation.

Monitoring of retail stores

Video conference with Pixord cameras. The models P400 K1131, and P400W K1132 (wireless version), due to audio channel (built-in microphones), provide possibility of video conferencing. The minimum set consists of  two such cameras connected to PCs. No additional software is needed, unlike with internet cameras, neither special services like Skype. The conference is performed through internet browser. We log on the camera entering its IP address and choosing Video Conference bookmark. The first camera (at our location) is being set automatically, the second we configure entering its IP, model and transmission mode.
The conference may take place in a LAN or via the Web (proper redirection of ports is essential in the case when cameras are behind NAT). The video data can be transmitted at frame rate up to 30 fps with D1 resolution (720 x 576), ensuring much better quality than typical applications based on internet cameras. The video conference may be recorded in the PC as AVI file, directly from browser. An interesting feature is possibility of recording both images and sound tracks.
Aside from conferencing, the cameras may perform regular tasks in CCTV monitoring system (recording of events on the server and remote viewing from any place on the network/the Web).

Video conference

New firmware for WAP-354NB N2515. Now in download  section there is available the latest version of the firmware for this cheap but a multi-purpose device. There have been corrected some applications such as searching for available devices in Client mode, operation at preset AUTO channels, and improved encryption and statistics tools. The main improvement in this release is better stability of the WAP-354NB and expansion with WMM (IEEE.802.11e). The list of all alterations is obtainable after unpacking the file. The update is recommended for all users of the device. Download the file>>.

Access point with router - WAP-354NB

Remote monitoring solution for one-family house - TP-Link TD-8840. Broadband internet access is the base for organizing cheap and effective video monitoring system, allowing remote surveillance of the house. We propose to use the router TD-8840 N2905, sharing ADSL service in the home. It consists of ADSL modem (Annex A) compatible with ADSL/ADSL2/ADSL2+ standards and 4-port switch. Its WAN port (RJ11) is directly linked with phone line. To one of LAN ports (RJ-45) there can be connected IP camera, e.g. Pixord P300 K1130. After detecting motion in programmed area, the camera will automatically send e-mail to the address set by the user. The attachment will include high quality JPEG picture showing the true situation.
In case of employing an existing analog camera, it may be connected to the router by DVR, e.g.  CPD-503 (LAN) M85050.
As TD-8840 supports DDNS, it is possible permanent access to the router and the linked devices (DVR, IP camera etc), irrespective of changing public IP address.

Remote video monitoring of one-family house with the router TP-Link TD-8840.

April 2, 2007

High Definition – camcorders. Large screens of high-definition televisions require adequate quality of the content and generate rising demand for HD video. Apart from growing interest in HDTV broadcasts it creates a boom for video players, recorders, and camcorders. Last year the leading manufacturers of camcorders (Panasonic, Sony, Samsung) adopted new standard for video cameras - AVCHD (Advanced Video Codec High Definition). It means MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 for video, and Dolby Digital AC-3 plus PCM for audio compression. The standard allows direct playing of recorded content with Blu-ray players, e.g. those embedded in Sony PS3 console. But so far, the most popular way of playing the recordings is using a PC with installed firmware, included by the manufacturer.
At CeBIT, one of the leaders, Panasonic, showed new camcorders, HDC-SD1 (with SDHC card) and  HDC-DX1 (MiniDVD), for about $1150 each. The camcorders are equipped with 3CCD image sensor and F1.8 lens with 12x optical zoom.

The camcorder from Panasonic made impression on the judges of design competition,
winning one of the prizes at CeBIT.

New modulators from TERRA. The modulators MT-21p R871721 and MT-22p R871722, due to high quality and reliability, are very popular with customers. They feature quite high output level (85 dB), allowing to combine signals from up to six such devices and split the resulting signal into six outlets, without a need of using an amplifier (when the cables are not longer than 50m). The MT-21p version uses channels 21 - 69, whereas the MT-22p operates between 6 - 12 or S9 to S17.
In each case there is possibility of choosing 4.5; 5.5; 6; or 6.5 MHz sound subcarrier. Other useful functions include fine tuning (+/-2.25 MHz from the chosen channel, with 0.25 MHz step), and adjustment of modulation factor (+/-6%).

Example application of MT-21p R871721 modulator.

Reduction of maximum output level. Every broadband amplifier, increasing signal level, also puts interferences at other frequencies. The number of the interferences (intermodulation products) grows with the amount of amplified signals (channels). Their levels at the output depend on gain of the amplifier. Due to those intermodulation products, the maximum output level should be reduced according to the tables given below. As the point of reference there are used the parameters given by producers: IMD2-60dB (60 dB ratio of signal to intermodulation products for AM/FM modulation), and IMD3-35dB (35 dB ratio of signal to intermodulation products for QPSK modulation).
In practice, choosing an amplifier for required (calculated for the specific installation) output level, we have to reduce maximum output level by the adequate factors from the tables.

Reduction of maximum output level according to number of channels distributed in installation.

Reduction of maximum output level according to the number of amplifiers working in cascade.

Power supplies for large CCTV systems. Powering of several or more cameras with heaters from typical 12 V DC power source is usually troublesome. The current requirement for one such camera may exceed 1 A, and voltage drops along long cables may be the cause of unstable work of the system.
Most power supplies on the market can provide output current up to 2.5 A. So, in the case of 16 cameras, several pieces would be needed, whereas it is recommended to power the whole system from one point. The recommendation arises from practical requirements like proper protection against intruders etc. and loss of AC power (application of a UPS). That's why a good solution for larger CCTV installations is the new power supply DRA-120 M1835.
One of the advantages of the supplier is possibility of parallel work - the total output current may then reach 30 A. Such capacity enables the designer to use e.g. 16 cameras in housings with heaters, DVR, and several IR illuminators. Notice! All the suppliers have to set at the same voltage level.

Application of the power supplies DRA-120 M M1835

Camera housings with hidden cables. Most cases of vandalism and intentional sabotage of video surveillance systems are damages of cabling. This problem should be solved as early as when designing the system, through choice of housings that will protect signal and power cables. Many standard housings and some ceiling cameras are currently available as versions with hidden cables.
Such constructions allow to insert the cables directly into camera brackets and the wall conduits. Fully enclosed cabling means elimination of the weakest points present in many former CCTV installations.
In the figure below, the red lines show the routes of the cables.

Routes of cables in vandalproof cameras / camera housings.

Monitoring of elevators – wireless installations. The customer having problems with vandals braking elevators ordered CCTV system that should allow identification of offenders. The installation has been designed and made by Telcom,  a renown company from Krakow (CCTV and alarm systems, sat TV installations).
There have been employed vandalproof cameras SN-VP580DC/A M10742, characterized by high quality of image and rugged mechanical construction. Video transmission is based on analog transmitters working in 2.4 GHz band (TR02-S M1525, RT02-S M1528), with the antennas ATK-P1 A71290. The received video is registered on DVR and distributed to the residents through existing antenna/sat TV installation.
So far, there are any more acts of vandalism.

The idea of using 2 .4 GHz transmitters for monitoring of elevators.

 
Pictures of the installation.

Monitoring of stadiums and mass events - revolution in resolution. Megapixel cameras ensure much higher resolution in comparison with standard IP devices. It allows to use digital zoom, preserving details that are needed for identification of persons.
Megapixel cameras manufactured by IQinvision render images of resolution from 1.3 Mpix (1280 x 1024) K1401 to 5.0 Mpix (2536 x 1920) K1431. There is also available 2.0 Mpix model  K1412. That makes difference - standard PAL camera has 0.4 Mpix resolution (720 x 576). The cameras from 75x series have been equipped with mechanically driven IR filter, which guaranties good picture parameters during the day and night. The difference between the standard and the new camera - mainly in the field of observation, provided similar linear resolution, can be seen in the picture below.
Dipol is the Polish distributor of IQinvision products - the cameras will be presented at the trade fair Intertelecom in Lodz.

Comparison of the images from 2 Mpix camera and standard PAL camera working at D1 resolution. The frame marks out the field of the standard camera.

Professional software pack for IP CCTV from Pixord - special offer. The PiXORD 6016 16-CH Recording Software is included to every Pixord product. It enables the administrator to view and record up to 16 images (channels) at the same time. The program has been divided into two groups of utilities: Pixord Viewer and Pixord Recorder. Due to such concept the computer is not busy with image processing when the user needs only to perform recording. The Pixord Recorder program provides three modes of registration: continuous, according to a schedule, triggered by motion detection. The Pixord Viewer allows viewing of images in many combinations. Configuration of the system consists in pressing the "search" button in the Pixord Viewer menu - the utility will find active cameras in the network. System requirements: P4 2.4 GHz, min. 512 MB RAM, SVGA graphics adapter, Windows 2000/Windows XP Professional/Windows 2003 server. Continuous recording of one video channel with good quality requires ca. 1.5 GB of disc space per day.
Pixord cameras

The window of the program managing Pixord IP CCTV system.

Using OSBRiDGE devices for Point to Point connections. The OSBRiDGE device marked 5GXi N25045 is a combination of Access Point with directional antenna, a ready to use component to build networks of that topology. Its outdoor housing complies with IP65 rating. Power supply is provided via PoE adapter compliant with 802.3af standard. OSBRiDGE 5GXi has two independent, parallel radio channels based on Atheros AR5006 WLAN chipsets using XR technology. Employing two devices one gets possibility of setting point-to-point connection. The integrated antenna with 23 dBi gain allows to create long-distance links. The software includes elaborate statistics tools providing information on the current status of connection and the interfaces.

Client station Osbridge 5GXi

Popular GW-AP54SP-P already with APPro54G. Access Point marked as (code) N2626 is now also available with APPro54G software as N2637 version. It features more complex and versatile structure of control and configuration of Access Point. It provides many functions not implemented in similar equipment. Buying this product, the customer becomes licensed user of the software pack that is already installed in the AP. There is only needed online activation, prompted at the first logging.
GW-AP54SP-P has large RAM memory (16 MB) and FLASH ROM (2 MB). The AP has two LAN ports, and chipset with radiator - quite unusual within its product category. It shows good stability and efficiency, also under the demanding APPro54G utility. The device is an ideal tool for use in small WLANs operating in 2.4 GHz band.

Access point GW-AP54SP-P controlled by APPro54G software.

March 26, 2007

CeBIT 2007 - decline in European telecommunications. At this year's CeBIT it was difficult to find European producers of telecommunications devices. Now, the major league form Asian and American corporations and the player that, though also comes from Asia, may be considered as a sole similar innovation power - Korean Samsung. In the field of wireless technologies there were also seen some Israeli firms. At the same time Philips loses its leading innovation position, and mobile solutions from Nokia and Ericsson are getting behind those presented by Samsung and Alcatel.
It is the result of great demand for new technologies on Asian and American markets. Korean producers, having implemented new solutions on their own market, successfully install them in Europe (WiBRO, DMB). American companies take advantage of big and homogeneous national market, and dominate WiMAX business, whereas European governments lobbied by cellular operators are reluctant to giving concessions for their competitors who want to build WiMAX backbones.
As European HDTV broadcasters are just starting up, promotion of new devices is done in Asia and America (PS3 and Xbox 360 consoles, HD DVD and Blu-ray players). Simply Europeans have too few HDTV sets as yet.
The monopolies that dominated European small national telecommunications markets until recently, omnipresent red tape and necessity of getting numerous concessions, licenses and permissions - plus governments' susceptibility to lobbing, low innovation level  and generally high costs of production - all these factors cause collapse of European telecommunications.

The state of European telecommunications does not look good - report from CeBIT 2007

Remedy for long cables in satellite TV installations - amplifiers. In the case of installations where signal cables reach 100m or one uses satellite signal splitter it is recommended to employ the amplifier SA-001 R85101. The device amplifies sat IF signal and passes signals needed for converter control. SA-001 features up to 22 dB gain and high maximum output level: 104dB. The amplifier does not pass terrestrial TV signals.

The sat IF signal amplifier SA-001 R85101 should be installed as close to the LNB as possible.

SilverLine - new generation of antenna amplifiers. AMS, renown producer of RF amplifiers has launched on the market new line of the equipment. Modern construction, low susceptibility to interferences and interesting design place the products in the leading position in Europe. It is a challenge to other manufacturers, will they take it up?
New series AWS-114X has been designed for use in individual antenna installations. The amplifiers are put into Zn-Al cast housings that guarantee excellent shielding effectiveness. The device's structure consists of two stages, with gain adjustment after the first one. This solution allows to use full energy of the input signal and improves noise parameters of the device.
The gain adjustment in the AWS-114X series has been realized by active element, which makes possible to reach fixed frequency characteristics within whole range of regulation. The adjustment is made after partial removing the cover - such construction improves shielding effectiveness (no holes in the housing).
The amplifiers can be powered with an external power supplier or via signal cable from output's side, using a RF/DC separator. It is also possible to power preamplifiers (12V), by setting jumper that is available after removing the housing.

     
SilverLine - new series of antenna amplifiers - AWS-114X

Modern CCTV systems based on CPD DVRs. Modern CCTV installations should enable the user to record images from cameras with good quality, control PTZ features, and ensure long time of recording. The next important features include quick viewing and easy copying of registered data.  Up-to-date DVRs also have be controlled via the Internet.
All these features are provided by the system based on the DVR CPD 507 M8537 equipped with built-in DVD recorder. The DVR can cooperate with 500 GB HDD M89250, and Drive Array M8540 capable of installing three disks of total capacity 1.5 TB. Parallel to MPEG-4 compression such system can record highest quality video data for 20 days. At the same time there is possibility to save instantly alarm events on DVD or pen drive.
CPD may control PTZ cameras (e.g. M1222), using popular Pelco-D protocol. The system with the DVR is fully controlled, both locally (with the keys on the front panel or remote control) and through the network (LAN or WAN). After logging into the system through client program or a browser (e.g. IE), the user (having administrator privileges) has full control over the system.

Application of CPD recorders in CCTV systems.

Expansion of video door entry system. The video door entry system KVS 08101 S972000 from Alcad may be used as the platform for building monitoring systems capable of recording video and audio. Such systems utilize the original camera that is well protected by armored housing. 
Signals from the camera and microphone, and from other cameras, e.g.  N-Cam 115 M11234, U-Cam M1128, CX-412D M10730, deployed at the needed locations, are registered by digital video recorder CPD-560 M85039.
The signal from the DVR (e.g. images from four cameras in quad split) can be brought into community antenna installation by RF modulator. This way all residents will be able to watch the images on their televisions.
The installation also uses video signal multiplexer/s RV-4/8 M1704, sequence switch/es M4054, and modulator/s Signal Digital Classic R95176.
Notice! The diagram shows one more solution that is often implemented in small installations: thanks to use M4054 sequence switch the monitor of the system displays signals from two cameras. The first one is the original camera, the second  - additional outdoor camera shooting much wider area. This way the user gets sequentially changing video from both cameras (the rate can be adjusted in the switch).

Expansion of video door entry system.

New IP camera from ACTi. The new device from ACTi is dome camera CAM-7321 K1311. The main features of this model are Sony image sensor with 540 TVL video resolution and vandalproof casing prepared for mounting on a wall or ceiling.

The camera ACTi CAM-7321 K1311

Modernization of analog CCTV installation – airport in Thailand. How to modernize existing analog installation to get functionality of digital system?
An example is the solution implemented at airport in Thailand, where such installation has been updated to IP video monitoring system.
When there was a need of monitoring 19 bank branches deployed at the area of the airport, the board did not accepted laying new cabling. It had to be utilized existing fiber-optic cables for the transmission of images from additional cameras. Due to using 60 ACTi videoservers K2112, the images from analog cameras are transmitted via the existing infrastructure to the monitoring center.  As the registration system has been based on DVRs, there are applied 60 ACTi transcoders K2411, which convert MPEG-4 stream into analog video that is recorded  by the recorders. Such concept allows to use the software that has been previously installed for control of the DVR system.

IP CCTV system at airport in Thailand (source: ACTi corp.)

Monitoring of distant warehouse with wireless Pixord camera. The wireless cameras Pixord P400W K1132 can be used for monitoring of remote places. At the location of monitoring center it will be needed Access Point AWAP-608 N2646 working in AP mode.
Pixord P400W connects wirelessly with AWAP-608 at 2.4 GHz, in b/g standards, in Infrastructure mode. There is possibility of using 64- or 128-bit WEP encryption protocol.
Connection of AP to LAN in the building makes possible to view images from camera with any PC in the network.
If the distance between buildings is too large there may be employed second AP, AWAP-608 N2646, which should be installed at the edge of the warehouse and set in AP Repeater mode, enabling  to increase range of the AP at monitoring center.
The range of the system can be extended by using outdoor antennas. For the first AP, at the headquarters, there may be connected directional panel antenna, e.g. A7127, for the second, at the warehouse omnidirectional one, e.g. A72531. The AP at the warehouse will use it for getting connection with the headquarters and the wireless cameras deployed on the spot.
The Pixord camera can be also connected to LAN - this option has been described in the previous issue.

Diagram of example application of  wireless camera P400W K1132 and AP AWAP-608 N2646

March 19, 2007

CeBIT 2007. This year's CeBIT is ending now. The trade show has attracted about 6000 exhibitors.
For the first time the organizers have run new information network, CeBIT - TV.
There are available three news channels: Use (for all users of the newest technologies), Create (for technical experts), Trade (for sales specialists).
To get access to the programs the interested persons should register - send their e-mail address, click on the link in the reply, and activate their account with the key received. Unfortunately, the broadcasts are available only in German.
CeBIT - TV
Report on the trade show in the next issue.

SHARP LCD HDTV 1080p - the largest in the world television of this kind, presented at CeBIT.

SMATV installation for reception from two satellites - a standard feature in modern buildings. The installation shown below allows reception of all terrestrial broadcasts, and satellite programs from Astra and HotBird. There are used high quality channel amplifiers ZG R90517, which equalize input levels of terrestrial signals, ensuring proper parameters for distribution. Due to employing taps/splitters from SS-5xx series it is possible to make such installation in multi-staircase buildings.

Diagram of SMATV installation suitable for multi-staircase buildings.

Video monitoring of parking lots. Identification of vehicles driving in and out of parking lots is becoming increasingly more popular. For that purpose one should use cameras which are not blinded by strong car headlights, e.g. VC-412A M1126. The camera has HIGH LUM CANCEL function - the overexposed fragments are blackened and do not spoil general quality of the image. The black spots cover the very bright elements, in this case the working headlights.
Another type of cameras often used at parking lots is M11251. These cameras ensure good image quality, wide viewing angle, capability of working at night without any additional lighting, and are easy to install - on the ceiling or on the wall of any building or similar structure. The last feature is possible due to special mechanical construction.
In the case of gas/petrol stations and large parking lots, where there is a need of quick search and identification of license numbers, we advise to build video surveillance system based on  GeoVision equipment. The producer offers additional application that expands the main monitoring system by special features enabling precise reading of license plates (License Plate Recognition).

Color camera VC-412A M1126

GeoVision system - the application for recognition of license plates.

Control of PTZ cameras with two consoles. PTZ cameras give immense possibilities for configuring CCTV system according to current needs of the administrator. Thus the growing popularity of this kind of equipment. Pre-programmed PTZ camera is able to scan important spots (presets), and, when there is a need, it may be controlled by the operator to exercise detailed observation of alarming situations (e.g. suspicious suitcase on a station, aggressive fans at a stadium etc.)
Configuration and control of the PTZ cameras is usually performed through dedicated consoles.  The consoles, equipped with a keyboard, and a joystick which allows 3-dimentional control, ensure perfect operation of such cameras.
The diagram below shows example of CCTV installation based on Eyeview equipment. It is built there with two analog PTZ cameras, XPOWER-M5 M1221 and TPOWER-S2 M1222, and the consoles (system control units) KB-2000-3A K9152. It should be emphasized that both consoles can be operated simultaneously, without a clash. One of the consoles is the "Master" and that receives the signal from the cameras (Port 1 of the device on the left). The second console is connected to the Port 2 of the Master and works in "Slave" mode. Such connection enables the operators to drive the cameras from both devices without a risk of conflict.

Control of PTZ cameras with two consoles.

New ACTi cameras - a comparison. There are on the market new IP cameras from ACTi: ACM-1311 K1117 and ACM-1431 K1118. They have been equipped with IR illuminators that allow for video monitoring even in complete darkness. The cameras use mechanically driven IR filters that are automatically made inoperable when the lighting is lower than 4 lx. The advantages of the ACM-1431 model are: dust and water proof IP66 housing, 540 TVL resolution, lens with adjustable focal length and longer range of the illuminator. Both models ensure bi-directional audio transmission and possibility of PoE powering - i.e. via typical UTP/FTP cable.

 
ACTi cameras with IR illuminators.

4 in 1 - the cameras Pixord P400 and P400W. It often happens that one wants to view images from IP CCTV cameras from another location and with another PC, not that one which normally has been prepared for this job.
The problem is that the owner of the PC may not be willing to install the needed software, or simply there is not enough time to do it.
The trouble does not exist with Pixord cameras P400 K1131 and P400W K1132, which allow simultaneous viewing of four images via common browsers. It will be only needed some preparation of the installation.
If the cameras work in internal network (behind NAT) and one wants to get access from outside, there will be necessary  to redirect the router to one of the cameras. The network settings of the camera have to include IP addresses of the rest three Pixord IP cameras.
Such configuration of internet connection and the cameras makes possible to view the images from any computer with internet access, just using a browser. All one needs is the camera IP address and the password. After establishing the connection, a simple utility embedded in the camera will allow to choose one or all the four images.

Viewing images with IE

Monitoring of widely scattered sites in cities. In many cities there are working video surveillance systems. City governments find them very useful and the number of monitored cities is continually growing.
Our company provides many solutions to specific problems connected with installing such systems. The most common problems include transmission of video signal from distant cameras to the monitoring center and control of the cameras.
IP-based CCTV systems are in the mainstream of the implemented installations. At the current stage of the technology, transmission of digital data via IP networks is a standard service. There should only  be guaranteed proper bandwidth of the links. The trouble is when CCTV installation becomes extremely widespread or includes areas which still do not ensure proper transmission capacity. Then the only universal solution is building new network, and it will be of course a WLAN one.
For transmission of video and control signals there may be used Access Points integrated with antennas and powered over Ethernet cable (PoE). The best solution for transmitting infrastructure is a system built with sector stations. Due to separate sectors such system is easier to manage.
In the diagram below the system includes four sector base stations that cover all directions (360°). As the PTZ camera there may be recommended high speed IP camera from ACTi, the model CAM-6621 K1215. Its Pan/Tilt mechanism allows for quick rotation with angular speed up to 400º/s, with 0.225º resolution. Combining it with powerful optical zoom, the operator gets ideal tool for monitoring a vast area. The employed SONY ¼'' Progressive CCD sensor ensures high quality images during the day and at night.

City surveillance system based on WLAN solutions and ACTi cameras.

RF cables for WLAN installations. There are available on the market several renown and well-tried products: H-155 E1170, RF-5 E1177, Tri-Lan-240 E1171, and Nordix MWC 6/50.
TRF-5 and H155 cables can only be used up to 2.4 GHz - for higher frequencies their attenuation considerably grows reaching ca. 100dB at 5.8 GHz, with simultaneous deterioration in impedance matching.
The cables Trilan -240 and Nordix can work up to 6 GHz. Due to so high band their core conductor is made of solid metal that makes them more rigid in comparison with the popular cables up to 2.4 GHz. However, due to much less attenuation, they may be indispensable for 2.4 GHz band as well, when the distance is quite long. The signal loss in TRILAN cable is ca 20% lower than in H-155.

Attenuation at typical frequencies for popular WLAN cables

New software for WA2204C. The access point WA-2204C N2647 is compliant with 802.11b/g standards, it can work in AP, AP Client, WDS (Repeater) modes. The  functions of the AP make it suitable tool for creating small base cells of WLAN.
There is available new update of the firmware (apv142), which improves operation of the device and adds new functionality:

• new WLAN drivers,
•  ACK setting,
• watchdog,
• isolation of WLAN users.

Notice! It is essential to ensure proper order of loading the updates, according to the instructions contained in the compressed file.
The new firmware is available here.

Access Point WA2204C N2647

March 12, 2007

What hinders multimedia in mobiles? Not so long ago the main obstacle for development of multimedia applications was comparatively low bandwidth of cellular networks. Implementation of HSDPA technology (throughput up to 14.4 Mbps) removed this barrier. So growing number of laptops, smartphones, PDAs etc. support video transmission.
At present, a bigger problem is powering of the devices. Bright color display, high-speed processor,  big memory - all these components require to use more powerful battery.
Research and development work is still in progress, the newest solutions that are especially promising for using in laptops are provided by fuel cell technology. Fuel cells directly convert chemical energy into electricity. DBFC battery (Direct Borohydride Fuel Cell), or that supplied with methanol DMFC (Direct-Methanol Fuel Cell) enables the device to work 2-3 times longer than to-date common batteries.
Another method of prolonging the operation time of mobile devices is reducing energy consumption. As regards displays, great expectations are placed on OLED technology (Organic Light-Emitting Diode).
New processors are manufactured in 65nm technology instead of the older 90nm or 130nm. It makes possible to miniaturize the structures that at the same time require less energy. This tendency is reinforced by SoC (System on a Chip) concept, consisting in integration of all the device's functionality in one chip.
For data storage there are often used flash cards, but in case when a higher capacity is needed it will be place for interesting concept of hybrid hard discs. Samsung showed such hybrid disc that combines standard HDD technology with flash memory. The 2.5" series includes 80, 120 160 GB discs. For example, the 160 GB hybrid hard disc has been equipped with 256 MB flash memory that functions as temporary memory. The producer maintains that the mixed solution saves 70 – 90% energy in comparison with standard HDD, so will be an important contribution to the development of mobile devices.

Flash memory cards allow miniaturization and longer operation time. Camcorder VP-MM12 records video with 720 x 576 resolution at 25 fps. MPEG4 compression enables the recorder to store 2-hour video recording on 2 GB memory card.

DiSEqC standards. Frequent questions on DiSEqC communication protocol are the reason we shortly describe its variations. The main center being the authority in this standardization area is  Eutelsat. Currently there are accepted the next four standards:

• DiSEqC 1.0 - digital signal switching among up to 4 satellite sources (converters),
• DiSEqC 1.1 - digital signal switching among up to 16 satellite converters,
• DiSEqC 1.2 - digital signal switching among up to 16 satellite converters, and control
  of a motor drive system for positioning the dish,
• DiSEqC 2.0 - digital signal switching among up to 16 satellite sources, and control of a motor drive system for positioning the dish, with bi-directional communications (confirmation of commands' execution).

The standards are back compatible, e.g. a DiSEqC 2.0 receiver can control DiSEqC 1.0 switches used in older installations, but a DiSEqC 1.0 receiver cannot control motorized features.
DiSEqC switches.

Application of Golden Interstar 4/1 R852507 switch for reception from four satellite positions.

How to power CCTV cameras through long cables. Voltage drop on power cables is one of the most frequent reasons for improper operation of CCTV cameras.
Having similar lengths of cables going to a number of cameras from a central point it is possible to compensate the voltage drop by increasing output voltage of the power supply (if it is adjustable). Unfortunately, it is not advised (without additional means) in case of quite different lengths of the cables - the camera/s connected through the shorter section/s could be destroyed.
A better solution is provided by special power supply AWZ-820 M18289 having three independently regulated outputs. The cameras can be grouped according to distances from the power supply and each of the three possible groups may be powered with different output voltage adjusted proportionally to the distance assumed for the group. This way one power supply may solve the problem of powering a larger camera system..
Notice! The number of cameras that may be connected to the power supply has to be calculated by the installer basing on power requirements of the cameras used and the capacity of the supplier.
Long cables also affect video transmission. There may be needed video signal amplifiers, especially when there is a need of splitting the video signal onto two monitors. It has been prepared VCA-1/2000 M1842 amplifier for such applications.

Use of the power supply AWZ M18289 enables the installer to adjust output voltages according to grouped lengths of cameras' power cables. To amplify video signal there may be employed
the amplifiers VCA-1/2000 M1842.

Remote configuration of SN-587C/A/10 SWD cameras. Professional analog cameras enable the installer/user to adjust many parameters to ensure quality images in various lighting conditions. The older equipment had plenty of knobs and switches. Nowadays the popular solution is OSD menu and typical set of several keys.
Sunell company is ahead of the common solutions. In the professional camera SN-587C/A/10 SWD M11205 (based on Super Wide Dynamic image sensor) there is possibility of remote configuration via PC. The camera employs RS-232 protocol. The manufacturer supplies special cable for programming the camera.
Such possibility of remote setting gives the installer good opportunity to exercise all functions of the camera on the spot, especially when the device is mounted in hardly accessible place.

At first it should be installed Camera Control utility program in PC, then I/O port of the camera has to be connected with RS connector in the PC.

Remote control utility allows quick and convenient adjustment of the M11205 camera.

Any motion? - The camera Pixord P300 sends email notification with enclosed picture. Video motion detection system implemented in the camera Pixord P300 K1130 and the enclosed software allows sending such alerts to the appropriate users.
It is possible to set two areas of motion detection. As an example, the user may choose the door and window, as the objects are generally vulnerable to forcing and normally there shouldn't be there false alarms caused by e.g. flow of air from air conditioning system. Additional flexibility of the system is provided by adjustment of motion detection sensitivity.
If the camera detects motion in the set areas, it will automatically send email to the address assigned by the user.
The attachment will include high quality JPEG picture showing the reason of the alarm. Taking into consideration the fact that most of commercial email hosting services and Web portals offer (often free) SMS alerts on a new email, it gives cheap opportunity to combine monitoring and alarm functionality in one device.
Configuration possibilities of the camera include the next actions taken after triggering alarm within set areas of motion detection:
- sending JPEG picture on email address or FTP,
- recording images on SD card mounted in the camera,
- sending MJPEG stream (video and sound) to on-line users and the recording computer.
Simple configuration procedure is performed by internet browser.

Motion area setting window. After triggering alarm within set areas the camera Pixord P300 K1130 can send JPEG pictures, record images on SD card, send MJPEG stream to on-line users
and the recording computer.

WA-2204C - client device. Access Point WA-2204C N2647 is compliant with 802.11b/g standards and supports AP, AP Client, and WDS (Repeater) modes. It is based on well-tried RTL8186 processor from Realtek and superb RF chipset.
Functions of the AP make it suitable tool for creating small base cells of WLAN. Thanks to available encoding methods: WEP, WPA, WPA2, and MAC addresses filtration, the system will ensure high security level. The AP is especially recommended as cheap APC device. It allows operation as transparent Client for one PC unit.

Access Point WA-2204C

New functions of the VoIP router VTL-AT100. The VoIP router VTL-AT110 N8060 supports QoS function and has one FXS port for connecting regular analog phone or fax. This solution permits the user to connect the PC and phone to the Internet via one device. Quality of Service function ensures proper quality of voice even when LAN port demands high throughput.
VTL-AT110 has a broad choice of functions that are usually made available by the ISP, like call waiting service, call divert etc.
The device supports popular codecs such as ILBC, G.726 (16,24,32,40), G.729AB, G.711.
The newest software also supports BRIDGE mode. This mode allows easy application of the router in extensive networks. The new firmware is available here.

The VoIP router VTL-AT100

March 5, 2007

Will Apple change our habits? During Macworld Conference & Expo 2007, held in January 2007, Apple introduced to the public its latest item. As any new Apple products, the "Apple TV" is being anxiously awaited on the market. Curiosity about it is arousing due to delay and postponed market launch from February to mid-March.
"Apple TV" is equipped with wireless adapter compliant with 802.11 b/g/n standards and 40 GB HDD which allows collection of 50 hours of 720p HD video. The device is intended to be connected to home HD television and cooperate with any PC with WLAN card.
The concept adopted by the producer consists in creating its paid film library from which the users will download chosen videos via the Web, employing their PCs and using the Apple TV for transmission of the signal to their HD televisions. The transmission from PC to Apple TV will be set automatically, thanks to wireless connection and  iTunes software platform.
If American customers, for who the service is being prepared, accept such service, it will be set up internet video shop offering films (for ca $10 apiece) distributed by Apple for home use on HDTV sets.
Prospective users are curious about ways of protection of the system - it is said to be special version of H.264 encoding. However, the revealed characteristics show that the device will be compatible with standard H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) as well, enabling the user to collect not only the films from iTunes Store.
"Apple TV" will cost $299. Has it a potential for changing the way of distributing audio and video? The first results of sale will be known at the end of March.

Antenna installation in multi-family buildings. MATV/SMATV systems provide solution to the problem of individual antennas on elevations of buildings. The solution presented below allows reception of terrestrial TV programs and, after connection of satellite receiver, satellite broadcasts, too.
The installation employs high quality ZG channel amplifiers which equalize levels of received terrestrial programs, enabling effective distribution of balanced signals even in multi-staircase buildings, with use of SS-5xx series taps/splitters.

AV switch – the remedy for coupling and decoupling several devices. The audio/video switch Signal E0530 is intended for distribution of A/V signals among various components of home audio-video system. It allows choice of signal source that is currently connected to TV set and makes easier to record or copy the interesting content. All this is possible without tiresome constant disconnecting and reconnecting the equipment. To the television there can be connected: satellite receiver, VCR, DVD player, video camera, DVD/HDD recorder, video game console etc.
The television is connected to TV/Monitor socket. The cooperating devices are connected to A, B and C sockets. Selection of the input signal is made by pressing adequate button (marked A,B,C or 1,2,3).
The AV switch also has 6 RCA sockets, three of them (OUTPUT) may be used for linking another TV set or conveying the signal to a modulator, the second three  (marked TV OUTPUT) are suitable for connecting signal from a camcorder, video entry system etc.
The device has been also equipped with selectors of the signal that should be recorded (C-A; B-A) - the VCR/DVR connected to A socket can record the chosen signal from B or C source.
S-VHS and RGB signals (the latter selected with adequate button) are also passed. Versatility and possibility of switching RGB signals are distinctive